Amabhethri okugcina amandla athuthuka ngokushesha ngokungazenzisi, iChina yaba yimakethe enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yamandla amasha, ihamba phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, ubukhulu bemboni, nokusekelwa yimigomo. Okulandelayo kunikeza isibuyekezo esibanzi sesimo samanje sokuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri okugcina amandla ngezici ezinhlanu: ubukhulu bemakethe, izindlela zobuchwepheshe, imvelo yomgomo, izindlela zokuthuthukisa, kanye nemibono yesikhathi esizayo.

NgoDisemba 2025, amandla afakiwe aqongelelwe eChina wamandla amasha okugcina afike ku-144.7 GW, ukwanda okungu-85% unyaka nonyaka, okubalelwa ngaphezu kuka-40% wamandla afakiwe omhlaba wonke futhi ibambe isikhundla sokuqala emhlabeni. Ngo-2025, amandla amasha angu-66.43 GW/189.48 GWh afakwa ekusebenzeni, ngobukhulu bamandla namandla okugcina bukhula ngo-52% no-73% unyaka nonyaka ngokulandelana, okubonisa umfutho omkhulu wokukhula.

Emhlabeni wonke, ukuthunyelwa kwamabhethri okugcina amandla kufinyelele ku-651.5 GWh, ukwanda okungu-76.2% unyaka nonyaka. Izinkampani zaseShayina zenza kahle kakhulu, zenza u-94.4% wokuthunyelwa kwembulunga yonke, cishe zibusa umnyombo wokuhlinzekwa kwamabhethri okugcina amandla emhlabeni wonke. Lolu datha lubonisa ngokugcwele inzuzo enkulu yaseShayina ekwenzeni amabhethri okugcina amandla.

Ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla buya ngokuya buvamise ukuthuthukiswa, ngezindlela ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe ezineziphrofayela zazo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezimo ezahlukene zokusebenzisa.

Amabhethri e-Lithium-ion asengcono kakhulu. Amabhethri e-Lithium iron phosphate, njengobuchwepheshe obujwayelekile, engeze amandla amasha afakwe angu-59.3 GW/173.4 GWh ngo-2025, okubalelwa ku-91.8% (amandla). Amaseli amakhulu kakhulu ayaqhubeka nokuba ngaphezu kuka-500Ah, ngamaseli angu-587Ah we-CATL asevele ekhiqizwa ngobuningi futhi ethunyelwa, okubonisa ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo ekuminyene kwamandla kanye nokonga kwezindleko zamabhethri okugcina amandla.

Ukusebenzisa amabhethri e-Sodium-ion kuyashesha. Ngo-2025, ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla ngamabhethri e-sodium buzuze intuthuko enkulu, lapho isiteshi samandla esikhulu sokuqala samabhethri e-sodium-ion esizwe sakhiwa e-Guangxi. Amaseli akhiqizwa ngobuningi ezinkampanini ezihamba phambili afinyelele amandla angu-160-175 Wh/kg, okubeka isisekelo sezicelo ezinkulu.

Amabhethri e-semi-solid/solid-state athola impumelelo. Iphrojekthi yokugcina amandla ngebhethri ye-semi-solid-state engu-200 MW/800 MWh e-Wuhai, e-Inner Mongolia, ixhunywe kugridi, yenza irekhodi elisha ngamandla afakiwe emaphrojekthini okugcina amandla ngebhethri ye-semi-solid-state axhunywe kugridi e-China, ibonisa amandla okusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bebhethri yesizukulwane esilandelayo.

Amabhethri e-flow abusa ekugcineni amandla isikhathi eside. Amabhethri e-flow e-all-vanadium, anempilo ende nezici eziphakeme zokuphepha, enza kahle enkundleni yokugcina amandla isikhathi eside, engeza amandla afakiwe amasha angu-1.1 GW/4.7 GWh ngo-2025.

Ezinye izindlela zobuchwepheshe zithuthuka ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ukugcinwa kwamandla omoya ocindezelwe kwengeze u-1.3 GW/7.4 GWh wamandla afakiwe amasha, ukugcinwa kwamandla e-flywheel kwengeze u-223 MW, futhi ama-supercapacitor engeze u-207 MW, okwakha indawo yobuchwepheshe ehlukahlukene futhi ehambisanayo.

Uhulumeni waseShayina ubeka isisindo esikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni zokugcina amandla futhi wethule uchungechunge lwezinqubomgomo ezisekelayo. Iminyango eyisishiyagalombili okubalwa kuyo iNational Development and Reform Commission kanye neNational Energy Administration ngokuhlanganyela yakhishwa i-"Action Plan for High-Quality Development of the New Energy Storage Manufacturing Industry," iphakamisa ukukhulisa izinkampani ezi-3-5 ezihola phambili emkhakheni wezinto ezithinta umkhakha wonkana ngo-2027 ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuthuthukiswa okuhambisanayo kwezixhumanisi zemboni.

I-"Uhlelo Lwesinyathelo Lokwakhiwa Okukhulu Kwezinguquko Zamandla Ezintsha (2025-2027)" olukhishwe ngesikhathi esifanayo lucacisa izinhloso zokuthuthukiswa: kulindeleke ukuthi izwe lengeze amandla afakiwe angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100 kilowatts phakathi neminyaka emithathu, lifinyelele ngaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-180 kilowatts ekupheleni kuka-2027. Lezi zinqubomgomo zinikeza iziqinisekiso eziqinile zentuthuko enempilo yesikhathi eside yemboni yokugcina amandla.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwebhethri yokugcina amandla kubonisa izitayela eziningana ezicacile:

Ukugcinwa kwamandla isikhathi eside kuyaba isikhungo sokuthuthukiswa. Ngokwanda kokungena kwamandla avuselelekayo, isidingo sokugcinwa kwamandla isikhathi eside esingaphezu kwamahora angu-4 senyuke kakhulu, kwandisa ukubuyekezwa kwemikhiqizo yokugcinwa kwamandla isikhathi eside kwebhethri ye-lithium ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokunciphisa amaphuzu aphezulu enethiwekhi nokulawulwa kwemvamisa.

Ukugcinwa kwamandla okwakha inethiwekhi kwandisa izicelo. Ngo-2025, ukugcinwa kwamandla okwakha inethiwekhi kwasuka ekuqinisekisweni kobuchwepheshe kwaba isigaba esisha sezicelo ezinkulu, kuthuthukisa ukuzinza nokwethembeka kwenethiwekhi.

I-AI inika amandla ukuphepha kokugcinwa kwamandla. Ubuchwepheshe be-Artificial intelligence busetshenziswa kabanzi kwingozi yokuphepha kokugcinwa kwamandla, ukuphathwa kokusebenza nokugcinwa, kuthuthukisa izinga lobuhlakani bezinhlelo zokugcinwa kwamandla.

Ukugcina amandla ahlangene kuthuthuka ngokushesha. Ukugcina amandla ahlangene kwengeze amandla afakiwe amasha angu-7.7 GW/21.5 GWh ngo-2025, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungu-127.3%, ngobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene obuhlanganisiwe obuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesistimu.

Ukunwetshwa okuqhubekayo kwezimo zokusebenzisa izicelo. Izicelo zokugcina amandla zinwetshwe kusukela ohlangothini lokukhiqiza amandla lendabuko kanye nohlangothi lwenethi, kuye ezimweni ezintsha ezifana nokugcina amandla ezimbonini nezohwebo kanye nokulungiswa kokugcina amandla kwe-AI data center (AIDC), okwandisa isikhala semakethe.

Sibheke phambili, amandla okugcina amandla omhlaba alindele ukukhula ngo-40% unyaka nonyaka ngo-2026, kugcinwa umkhuba wokukhula okuphezulu. Ngobuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe, amabhethri okugcina amandla azodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni izinhlelo zamandla ezintsha.

Amabhethri okugcina amandla ayashintsha kusukela ekubeni amathuluzi okulawula amandla kuphela abe izikhungo ezibalulekile zezinhlelo zamandla ezintsha, okwenza izinto eziyinhloko ezisekelayo ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwamandla avuselelekayo futhi kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile nokuzinzile kwenethi. Njengomholi womhlaba wonke embonini yokugcina amandla, iChina izoqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kobuchwepheshe, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, nokwanda kwemakethe, kukhuthazwa inqubo yenguquko yamandla emhlabeni wonke.